DCW Weekly Fintech & Crypto Digest: W/E Dec 12th, 2025

Introduction

Welcome to this week's DCW Weekly Digest. As December progresses, the digital asset ecosystem demonstrates remarkable resilience amidst significant central bank policy shifts and regulatory milestones. Bitcoin maintains stability around £90,000-£92,000 whilst the Federal Reserve delivers its third consecutive rate cut, signalling a measured approach to monetary easing for 2026.

This week brings particularly significant developments across multiple fronts. The Federal Reserve's December FOMC meeting delivered a 25-basis-point cut while projecting only one further reduction in 2026, surprising markets with its hawkish forward guidance. Regulatory clarity accelerates across major jurisdictions, with the US GENIUS Act implementation advancing rapidly and UK consultation processes entering critical phases ahead of 2026 deadlines.

For treasurers and financial strategists, this week underscores essential themes: monetary policy normalisation is proceeding cautiously, institutional conviction in tokenisation is strengthening despite price volatility, and regulatory frameworks are continuing to evolve toward implementation. BlackRock's continued leadership in tokenisation, now managing over £2.8 billion in tokenised assets, validates the institutional transformation underway. We remain focused on developments that matter for compliance, risk management, and strategic positioning in this evolving landscape.

📊 Market Commentary

Bitcoin Market Dynamics

Bitcoin trades around £90,000-£92,600 on Friday, 12th December 2025, demonstrating resilience following the Federal Reserve's policy announcement. The cryptocurrency briefly dipped below £90,000 on Thursday before recovering, maintaining its position within the consolidation range that has characterised December trading.

The week's trading action reflects several converging factors:

Federal Reserve Policy Impact: The Fed delivered a 25-basis-point cut as expected on Wednesday, bringing the federal funds rate to 3.5%-3.75%. However, the accompanying forward guidance proved more hawkish than anticipated, with the dot plot indicating only one additional cut in 2026, down from four previously projected. Chair Jerome Powell's emphasis on being "well positioned to wait" signalled a more cautious approach to future reductions.

Market Reaction and Volatility: Bitcoin initially rallied toward £94,000 on Tuesday in anticipation of the rate cut, but subsequently retreated as markets digested the Fed's hawkish stance. The cryptocurrency experienced a "sell the news" reaction, dropping below £90,000 on Thursday before stabilising. This pattern demonstrates Bitcoin's continued sensitivity to macro factors and monetary policy signals.

ETF Flows and Institutional Activity: Bitcoin spot ETFs experienced mixed flows throughout the week, reflecting cautious institutional positioning ahead of the Fed decision. November closed with net outflows of £3.48 billion, continuing the challenging flow environment. However, analysts note that sustained multi-day inflows of £200-£300 million would signal institutional rotation back into BTC.

Technical Consolidation: Multiple analysts identify similar critical levels: £86,000 represents key support, whilst £93,500-£97,100 constitutes the breakout zone requiring validation. The current consolidation suggests markets are awaiting stronger catalysts, with year-end liquidity conditions and the Fed's 2026 guidance weighing on near-term momentum.

Altcoin and Broader Market Developments

Whilst Bitcoin consolidates, alternative cryptocurrencies show differentiated performance. Ethereum holds near £3,200-£3,235, maintaining established trend channels. XRP continues benefiting from ETF launches, trading around £2.03-£2.10. Notably, Zcash (ZEC) surged 18% on the week to £460, resuming its Q4 rally and demonstrating selective altcoin strength.

Layer 2 tokens gained 1.66%, led by Merlin Chain and Mantle with gains of 4.99% and 4.07% respectively. The broader crypto market shows resilience despite challenging macro conditions, with meme tokens up 1.45%, Layer 1 assets rising 1.33%, and DeFi advancing 1.26%.

Institutional Positioning and Strategic Context

Despite challenging price action, institutional conviction demonstrates notable resilience:

• Stablecoin Market Strength: The combined market capitalisation of major stablecoins remains above £308 billion, with USDT holding approximately £185 billion and USDC approaching £77 billion. This stability demonstrates the role of digital dollars as safe havens during volatility.
• BlackRock Tokenisation Leadership: BlackRock's USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund (BUIDL) now holds approximately £2.8 billion across multiple blockchains. CEO Larry Fink and COO Rob Goldstein published an influential commentary comparing tokenisation's current stage to the internet in 1996, reinforcing long-term institutional commitment.
• Regulatory Progress: Multiple jurisdictions advanced toward 2026 implementation dates for comprehensive digital asset frameworks. The FCA published additional consultation papers, the Bank of England progressed stablecoin oversight proposals, and US agencies coordinated on tokenisation initiatives.

For institutional participants, current market conditions emphasise the importance of robust risk management frameworks, diversified counterparty relationships, and disciplined position sizing. The volatility underscores why regulatory compliance, operational resilience, and strategic patience remain paramount for long-term success in digital assets.

🏆 HEADLINE OF THE WEEK

Federal Reserve Delivers Third Rate Cut Whilst Signalling Caution on Future Easing

The Federal Reserve cut interest rates by 25 basis points on Wednesday, 10th December 2025, bringing the federal funds rate to 3.5%-3.75% in its third consecutive reduction. However, the move came with significant forward guidance suggesting a much slower pace of cuts ahead, surprising markets that had expected a more dovish trajectory.

Key Developments:

Hawkish Forward Guidance: The accompanying "dot plot" of FOMC members' projections indicated only one additional rate cut in 2026 and another in 2027, a dramatic revision from previous expectations. This marks a shift from the four cuts many analysts had anticipated for 2026, reflecting persistent inflation concerns and a resilient economy.

Committee Division: The decision featured three dissenting votes—the fourth consecutive meeting with dissent and the longest such stretch since 2019. Fed Governor Stephen Miran preferred a larger 50-basis-point cut, whilst Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee and Kansas City Fed President Jeffrey Schmid favoured no change. Four additional non-voting members registered "soft dissents," highlighting deep divisions within the committee.

Chair Powell's Measured Tone: Chair Jerome Powell emphasised the Fed's comfortable position to "wait and see" how the economy evolves. "We're in the high end of the range of neutral," Powell stated, suggesting the Fed believes rates are approaching levels that neither stimulate nor restrict economic growth. He notably avoided committing to any action in January.

Economic Context: The decision comes as the Fed navigates persistent inflation near 3%—above the 2% target—whilst monitoring labour market conditions that show signs of weakening. Job gains have slowed significantly, and unemployment has edged higher, though recent data clarity remains limited due to the 43-day government shutdown, which ended only recently.

Market Implications: Stock markets rallied immediately following the decision, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average adding 646 points (1.34%). However, Bitcoin and cryptocurrency markets demonstrated a "sell the news" reaction, with BTC dropping below £90,000 on Thursday before recovering. Treasury yields mainly moved lower, whilst the dollar index approached two-month lows.

Strategic Context:

The Fed's positioning reflects a delicate balancing act. Whilst inflation remains above target and shows stubbornness, particularly in the services sector, labour market indicators suggest genuine weakening beneath the surface. Chair Powell acknowledged that tariff impacts account for most of the inflation overshoot, complicating the policy outlook.

Looking ahead, the Fed's caution signals higher-for-longer interest rates compared to earlier expectations. The central bank's statement that it will "carefully assess" the "extent and timing" of additional adjustments mirrors language used in December 2024, which preceded a six-month pause in cuts. Markets now await critical labour market data due on 16th December, which could shift the narrative significantly.

For digital asset markets, the hawkish pivot creates a mixed environment. Lower rates support risk assets, but the Fed's measured approach and emphasis on data dependency suggest elevated volatility may persist. The challenge for cryptocurrency markets lies in navigating this period of policy uncertainty, whilst institutional infrastructure continues to develop regardless of near-term price action.

CORE FOCUS AREAS

⚖️ Regulatory & Legal Frameworks

US Regulatory Developments

The United States continues to advance comprehensive digital asset regulation, with the implementation of the GENIUS Act progressing rapidly. President Trump signed the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins Act into law on 18th July 2025, establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework for payment stablecoins that took effect 18 months post-enactment.

GENIUS Act Framework: The legislation establishes a dual federal-state regulatory framework for stablecoin issuers, with the OCC supervising bank-issued stablecoins and state regulators overseeing non-bank issuers that meet "substantially similar" standards. Notably, payment stablecoins are explicitly excluded from securities (SEC) and commodity (CFTC) classification, providing long-sought regulatory clarity.

CFTC Tokenisation Initiative: Acting Chairman Caroline Pham launched the Digital Assets Pilot Program for tokenised collateral in derivatives markets. The initiative permits futures commission merchants to accept Bitcoin, Ether, and USDC as customer margin collateral, with frequent reporting requirements during the initial three-month period. This represents a breakthrough in integrating digital assets into regulated derivatives markets.

SEC Crypto Task Force: The SEC announced Project Crypto, a Commission-wide initiative developing proposals to implement digital asset recommendations. The task force focuses on clear regulatory lines, tailored disclosure frameworks, realistic registration paths for crypto assets and intermediaries, and judicious deployment of enforcement resources.

UK Regulatory Progress

The United Kingdom continues building its comprehensive cryptoasset regulatory regime, with multiple consultation processes advancing toward 2026 implementation. The FCA published Consultation Paper CP25/25 on 17th September 2025, outlining how existing FCA Handbook rules will apply to cryptoasset activities.

FCA Consultation Papers: The FCA's consultation schedule progresses systematically: Q2 2025 covered stablecoins issuance and custody; Q3 2025 addressed conduct and firm standards, admissions, disclosures, and market abuse; Q4 2025/Q1 2026 will finalise rules and guidance. The deadline for responses to CP25/25 was 12th November 2025, with final regulations intended for publication in 2026.

Bank of England Stablecoin Framework: On 10th November 2025, the Bank published a consultation paper on its proposed regulatory regime for sterling-denominated systemic stablecoins. The framework categorises stablecoins by use type: (1) systemic stablecoins for everyday payment, (2) stablecoins used as settlement assets, (3) non-systemic stablecoins for payments, and (4) other uses. The consultation period runs until 10th February 2026.

Geographic Scope Expansion: Notably, the proposed regime applies to cryptoasset activities provided "in or to" the UK, casting a wider geographical net than traditional assets under FSMA 2000. This broader perimeter reflects the borderless nature of digital assets and aims to ensure comprehensive oversight.

💰 Stablecoins & Payment Innovation

Market Growth and Institutional Adoption: The stablecoin market maintains strong momentum, with total capitalisation exceeding £308 billion. USDT holds approximately £185 billion, whilst USDC approaches £77 billion. The International Monetary Fund acknowledged stablecoins' potential to revolutionise international payments, whilst warning that the risks of financial crime require globally coordinated regulatory frameworks.

Fed Governor's Macroeconomic Warning: Fed Governor Stephen Miran issued significant commentary on stablecoins' macroeconomic implications at the BCVC Summit 2025. Miran argued that rapid growth in dollar-backed stablecoins—now processing trillions in payments—could influence long-term interest rates by increasing the supply of loanable funds in the US economy, placing downward pressure on the neutral interest rate.

Payment Infrastructure Innovation: Several notable payment infrastructure developments emerged: YouTube enabled PayPal stablecoin payments for content creators; Visa modernised payment rails with stablecoins in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa; Oobit enabled USDT payments at 100 million Visa merchants in South Africa. These developments demonstrate the expanding utility of stablecoins for everyday transactions.

Regulatory Implementation: The SEC requires stablecoins to maintain a 1:1 reserve backing with detailed monthly audits. The Federal Reserve emphasises transparency for bank-issued stablecoins to mitigate systemic risks. Transactions over £1,000 must comply with the Travel Rule, enhancing anti-money laundering measures.

🔗 Tokenisation - Unlocking Liquidity and Efficiency

BlackRock's Transformative Vision: CEO Larry Fink and COO Rob Goldstein published an influential commentary in The Economist comparing tokenisation's current stage to the internet in 1996. "If history is any guide, tokenisation today is roughly where the internet was in 1996—when Amazon had sold just £16 million worth of books, and three of the rest of today's 'Magnificent Seven' tech giants hadn't even been founded," they wrote. "Tokenisation could advance at the pace of the internet—faster than most expect, with enormous growth over the coming decades."

Institutional Infrastructure Development: BlackRock's BUIDL fund now holds £2.8 billion across multiple blockchains, including Ethereum, Solana, and Avalanche, representing the largest tokenised money market fund globally. The firm led Securitise's £47 million fundraising round, betting that tokenisation would gain traction. BlackRock's digital asset AUM reached £79.6 billion, comprising 1% of its £12.5 trillion total but representing one of its fastest-growing segments.

Market Growth Trajectory: Tokenised money market fund AUM grew from £4 billion at the start of 2025 to £8.6 billion by November, up 110%. Tokenised MMFs now represent approximately 3% of the stablecoin market, up from 2% at the start of the year. JPMorgan went live with intraday repo capabilities using tokenised collateral, whilst Lloyds Banking Group and Aberdeen Investments completed FX derivative trades using tokenised money market funds.

Broader Market Projections: Research from Animoca Brands indicates tokenisation of real-world assets could eventually tap into the £400 trillion traditional finance market. The tokenised RWA market reached an all-time high of £26.5 billion in 2025, a 70% increase since the start of the year. The 2025 Skynet RWA Security Report projects the tokenised RWA market could reach £16 trillion by 2030, with US Treasuries leading near-term growth.

🤖 Artificial Intelligence - Transforming Financial Operations

OpenAI-Disney Strategic Partnership: Disney announced a three-year licensing deal with OpenAI on 12th December 2025, providing Sora users access to over 200 characters from Disney, Marvel, Pixar, and Star Wars, alongside a £1 billion equity investment. Fans will generate videos featuring Mickey Mouse, Darth Vader, and the Avengers, with select creations streaming on Disney+. The deal excludes talent likenesses and voices, sidestepping complex IP battles across Hollywood.

Regulatory Developments: President Trump moved to block state-level AI regulations, centralising oversight at the federal level. The EU launched investigations into whether Google was scraping web content to gain an AI advantage. These developments highlight the evolving regulatory landscape as governments grapple with AI's rapid advancement.

Treasury and Risk Management Applications: Machine learning continues to transform treasury operations and risk management across financial institutions. AI-powered systems enhance fraud detection, automate compliance processes, and improve forecasting accuracy. The convergence of AI with blockchain technology creates opportunities for automated smart contract auditing and enhanced security protocols.

🛡️ Cyber Security, Energy Technology & Digital Infrastructure

IVAN Public-Private Partnership: Crystal announced entry into the Illicit Virtual Asset Notification (IVAN) public-private partnership, enabling members to share and request actionable intelligence on suspected digital crimes worldwide. Launched in 2024, IVAN facilitates the sharing of thousands of unique illicit identifiers across multiple jurisdictions, supporting faster, coordinated crime-fighting and prevention efforts.

Scam Alert Integration: Crystal Expert now integrates with Scam Alert to provide real-time scam intelligence. This bilateral integration allows access to enriched address data from Scam Alert's database while contributing findings to help stop fraud across the crypto ecosystem. Investigators receive faster case resolution with expanded context, whilst compliance teams receive instant alerts when scam addresses interact with platforms.

Operational Resilience Requirements: The FCA's operational resilience framework applies to all cryptoasset firms due to the technology-based nature of digital assets and their vulnerability to cyberattacks. Firms must identify essential business services, define impact tolerances, and implement effective communication strategies during operational disruptions. The framework emphasises risk management, control procedures, and outsourcing arrangements.

⚛️ Quantum Computing Developments

Quantum computing continues to advance with implications for cryptography and financial services. Researchers focus on developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms to protect blockchain networks and economic infrastructure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published post-quantum cryptographic standards, prompting financial institutions to evaluate implementation timelines.

Major technology firms, including IBM, Google, and Microsoft, are advancing quantum computing capabilities, whilst financial services firms are assessing potential applications for portfolio optimisation, risk analysis, and fraud detection. The convergence of quantum computing with AI creates opportunities for enhanced predictive models and real-time market analysis.

GLOBAL MARKETS UPDATE

📈 Commodities & Foreign Exchange

Gold Market Strength: Gold continued its remarkable bull run, trading around £4,273.75 on 12th December 2025. China's People's Bank of China extended its gold-buying streak, whilst Singapore experienced a gold rush. Price forecasts range from £4,900 to £10,000, reflecting persistent inflation concerns and geopolitical uncertainty.

Central Bank Accumulation: Central banks globally continued hoarding gold for portfolio diversification and hedging against currency devaluation. This accumulation supports structural demand and underpins gold's status as a safe-haven asset during periods of economic uncertainty.

Currency Markets: The US Dollar Index approached two-month lows following the Fed's decision, whilst Treasury yields mainly moved lower. The Bank of Japan faces expectations for a rate rise to 0.75% at next week's meeting, with implications for global carry trades and FX dynamics. Analysts note that BOJ signals of stronger neutral rate adjustment could tighten global carry trades, affecting FX dynamics and broader risk appetite.

🌱 ESG & Sustainable Finance

Environmental, Social, and Governance considerations continue to integrate into digital asset frameworks. The European Commission advanced SFDR 2.0 proposals that refine disclosure requirements for sustainable finance products. ESG reporting developments emphasise transparency and comparability across jurisdictions.

Blockchain technology enables enhanced ESG reporting through immutable record-keeping and transparent supply chain tracking. Tokenisation of carbon credits creates liquid markets for environmental assets, whilst proof-of-stake consensus mechanisms reduce energy consumption compared to proof-of-work alternatives.

🚨 Global Sanctions & Compliance

Italy's MiCA Enforcement: Italy gave crypto platforms until 30th December 2025 to obtain proper MiCA licences or face closure and the return of customer assets. This firm enforcement deadline demonstrates European jurisdictions' commitment to comprehensive regulatory compliance.

Enhanced AML Requirements: The Financial Action Task Force continues to emphasise robust anti-money laundering frameworks for cryptoasset service providers. Jurisdictions worldwide implement Travel Rule requirements for transactions exceeding specified thresholds, enhancing transaction transparency whilst protecting user privacy.

📰 Notable Developments This Week

• Do Kwon Sentencing: Terra founder Do Kwon received a 15-year prison term in a US court, more than three years after the massive Terra ecosystem collapse.
• Strategy's Bitcoin Accumulation: Strategy announced a major Bitcoin purchase of 10,624 BTC at an average price of £90,615, bringing total holdings to 660,624 BTC worth approximately £60 billion.
• HashKey IPO Filing: HashKey Holdings made a significant step toward becoming the first publicly listed cryptocurrency exchange in Hong Kong by filing for an IPO.
• Coinbase Solana DEX Trading: Coinbase expanded Solana support by introducing DEX trading, allowing over 100 million users immediate access to every token launched on Solana without waiting for listings.
• NYSE Satoshi Statue: Twenty One Capital placed a statue honouring Bitcoin's anonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, at the New York Stock Exchange, described as "shared ground between emerging systems and established institutions."

🔮 LOOKING AHEAD

As December progresses toward year-end, the digital asset ecosystem faces several key developments:

Labour Market Data (16th December): The US Bureau of Labour Statistics releases November employment data and unemployment figures on 16th December. If unemployment rises above 4.5%—the upper end FOMC members forecasted—a January rate cut could return to the table. Conversely, improvement since September's 4.4% reading might signal the Fed has finished cutting for now.

Bank of Japan Decision (Next Week): Markets expect the BOJ to raise its benchmark rate to 0.75% at next week's meeting. Nearly two-thirds of analysts expect the BOJ to raise rates once every six months, with the median terminal rate rising to 1.25%. BOJ signals regarding neutral rate adjustment could tighten global carry trades, affecting FX dynamics and broader risk appetite.

Year-End Positioning: Institutional participants will finalise 2025 positioning and establish 2026 strategies, potentially driving flows as portfolio rebalancing occurs. Historical patterns suggest December can experience significant volatility as positions adjust. Bitcoin's technical structure suggests £86,000 remains key support, whilst £93,500-£97,100 represents the critical breakout zone.

Regulatory Implementation Milestones: Multiple jurisdictions advance toward 2026 implementation dates for comprehensive digital asset frameworks. The UK expects to finalise stablecoin regulations in the second half of 2026, the FCA publishes additional consultation papers in early 2026, and US agencies coordinate on tokenisation and spot crypto trading approvals.

Tokenisation Acceleration: BlackRock's influential commentary and BUIDL fund growth suggest tokenisation momentum is continuing to build. Additional institutional announcements and pilot programmes are likely as firms position for 2026 implementation. The CFTC's Digital Assets Pilot Program enters its critical initial three-month reporting phase, providing data on the use of tokenised collateral in derivatives markets.

For compliance, risk, and strategy professionals, December offers opportunities to assess 2025 lessons, refine frameworks for 2026, and position organisations to benefit from the continued maturation of the digital asset ecosystem. The Fed's cautious stance suggests higher-for-longer interest rates, requiring careful navigation of market volatility whilst institutional infrastructure development continues regardless of near-term price action.

Conclusion

This week's developments underscore the continued evolution of digital assets from speculative instruments to established financial infrastructure. Whilst price volatility tests conviction, regulatory frameworks advance rapidly, institutional participation deepens meaningfully, and technological innovation accelerates across multiple dimensions.

The Federal Reserve's measured approach to monetary easing, delivering a third rate cut whilst signalling caution on future reductions, creates a complex macro environment for risk assets. Bitcoin's consolidation around £90,000-£92,000 demonstrates market resilience despite challenging technical conditions and hawkish Fed guidance.

The stablecoin market's maintenance above £308 billion validates digital dollars' role as both safe havens and payment infrastructure. BlackRock's influential commentary positioning tokenisation at an inflexion point comparable to the early internet reinforces institutional commitment to digital asset transformation.

Regulatory developments across the UK, the US, and international bodies are providing increasing clarity for market participants. The FCA's systematic consultation approach, combined with the Bank of England's stablecoin framework progression and US agencies' coordination on tokenisation, creates a cleaner operating environment entering 2026.

For professional participants, the path forward requires balancing opportunity recognition with disciplined risk management, maintaining compliance excellence whilst supporting innovation, and thinking strategically despite short-term market noise. The labour market data due on 16th December will provide critical guidance for early 2026 positioning, whilst institutional infrastructure development continues regardless of near-term price action.

The Digital Commonwealth remains committed to providing comprehensive analysis supporting informed decision-making across the evolving digital asset landscape. We will continue monitoring these critical developments throughout December as markets navigate year-end dynamics and position for 2026.

Links to this week’s Daily Brief in partnership with BCB Group, TPX, Vault12, Wincent and World Mobile

Monday, 9th December 2025

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/thedcwdailybrief-091225

Tuesday, 10th December 2025

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/thedcwdailybrief-101225

Wednesday, 11th December 2025

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/thedcwdailybrief-111225

Thursday, 12th December 2025

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/thedcwdailybrief-121225

Friday, 13th December 2025

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/thedcwdailybrief-131225

📊 DCW RESEARCH, CONVERGENCE & AWARDS 2026 📊

DCW Research: Why Grey Hair Matters

View Research

DCW Frontier Focus supported by Quantum Fort

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/frontier-focus-edition-4

DCW Cover -Beyond Vulnerability

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/dcw-cover-beyond-vulnerability

The Digital Economist

https://www.thedigitalcommonwealth.com/posts/the-day-property-became-digital

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📋 Important 🛡️ Notices ⚠️

Educational Content Only

This newsletter offers educational insights into developments in digital assets, regulation, and financial markets. It is not intended as investment advice, financial advice, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any cryptoassets or financial instruments.

Cryptoasset Risk Warnings

Cryptoassets are largely unregulated in the UK. You may not be protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme or the Financial Ombudsman Service if something goes wrong. The value of cryptoassets can go down as well as up, and you could lose all the money you invest. Tax treatment depends on individual circumstances and may change.

No Professional Relationship

By reading this newsletter, you acknowledge that no professional, advisory, or fiduciary relationship is created between you and the authors or publishers. This information should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultation with qualified professionals in legal, financial, security, or other relevant fields.

Accuracy and Currency

While we endeavour to ensure accuracy, the information provided may not be current, complete, or applicable to your specific circumstances. Regulatory requirements and market conditions evolve rapidly. You should conduct your own research and seek professional advice before taking any action based on this information.

Date of Publication: 12th December 2025

Edited by EAJW © 2025 DCW Weekly Digest. All rights reserved.

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